College Bound
1930
Joseph Marshak told the U.S. Census in Essex, Mass. that he was born in Connecticut, Jennie and Marcella were born in Rhode Island and Howard and Rose Martha were born in Massachusetts. He told them his home was worth $10,000 and that his and Jennie’s parents were born in Germany.
Jacob. L. Marshak told the U.S. Census in Providence that his home was worth $9,000 he, his wife and their parents were born in Poland and that they, he and his wife spoke Hebrew at home before they came to the United States.
Jacob Mistowsky was living with his son-in-law Harris Ackerman in Providence. He told the U.S. Census in Providence that he and his parents were born in Russia and spoke Yiddish in their home before they came to the United States.
1931
Abraham and Max Marshak in Minsk Landsmanshaften organization.
1932
June
September
Howard starts at Chauncy Hall, an elite Boston area Day School for boys.
1933
Because of the Nazi rise, Rabbi Menachem Mendel and his wife left Berlin in 1933 for Paris, and he continued his studies at the Sorbonne. Primarily, however, he immersed himself in prayer and religious study, and was referred to by his father-in-law on various matters, including the preparation of Lubavitch publications. He also served as his father-in-law's private secretary and traveled on his behalf to visit various Jewish leaders in Europe.
In response to the rise of Hitler, Alfred Korzybski publishes Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics in Chicago.
The term "general semantics" comes from Alfred Korzybski's 1933 book, Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. The term Korzybski chose is unfortunate in that it has invited continuing confusion with the field known as "semantics". In this case, the word general does not serve as an adjective denoting a type of semantics - instead, both words need to be accepted together as a unique term.
In Korzybski's words:
"In the work on General Semantics we wanted to preserve the term semantics because of its international character and its general applicability. As we are interested in the relation of words and facts, etc., I introduced the term General Semantics to indicate a general theory of values, a general theory of evaluation of facts, relations, 'feelings', etc., not of meaning by mere verbal definition. In General Semantics we are interested in actual evaluational reactions and not only what we say about them."
January
Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
February
27 Reichstag fire
April
1 Based on his readings of how blacks were denied civil rights in the southern states in America, Hitler attempted to make life so unpleasant for Jews in Germany that they would emigrate. The campaign started on 1st April, 1933, when a one-day boycott of Jewish-owned shops took place. Members of the Sturm Abteilung (SA) picketed the shops to ensure the boycott was successful.
June
Howard graduates from Chauncy Hall.
Howard’s sister Marcella graduates with a Bachelor of Science degree from Pembroke University in Providence, Rhode Island.
September
Howard starts at MIT.
October
Hitler withdraws from the League of Nations
1934
The Synagogue of Minsk turned into the Jewish State Theater in 1934. In Minsk and Odessa, some people were killed when the military closed the synagogues by force.
Hitler signed an agreement with Pope Pius XI in which he promised not to interfere in religion if the Catholic Church agreed not to become involved in politics in Germany.
Rav Shlomo Yosef Zevin arrives in Eretz Yisrael.
1935
In 1935, after the Zionist Executive rejected his political program and refused to clearly define that "the aim of Zionism was the establishment of a Jewish state"; Jabotinsky decided to resign from the Zionist Movement and founded the New Zionist Organization (N.Z.O) which conducted independent political activity for free immigration and the establishment of a Jewish State.
Nuremberg laws passed.
October
Mussolini invades Ethiopia.
1936
Sensing that Jews of Eastern Europe were in great danger, Jabotinsky called for an "evacuation" of Eastern European Jews to Palestine to solve the Jewish problem.
March
1 three German battalions marched into the Rhineland. The French government was horrified to find German troops on their border but were unwilling to take action without the support of the British. The British government argued against going to war over the issue and justified its position by claiming that "Germany was only marching into its own back yard.".
1937
Outspoken and candid, Jabotinsky appeared before the Palestine Royal Commission declaring that the "demand for a Jewish majority is not our maximum - it is our minimum. Stressing there would soon be 3-4 million European Jews seeking a safe haven in Palestine, he compared "Arab claims to Jewish demands" as akin to "the claims of appetite versus the claims of starvation." He and his followers argued that all territory in the original 1920 British Mandate over Palestine - encompassing all of the Land of Israel on both banks of the Jordan River - should be part of the Jewish homeland.
The Irgun Tzvai Leumi (I.Z.L) became the military arm of the Jabotinsky movement and he became its commander. The three bodies headed by Jabotinsky, The New Zionist Organization (N.Z.O), the Betar youth movement and the Irgun Tzvai Leumi (I.Z.L) were three extensions of the same movement. The New Zionist Organization was the political arm which maintained contacts with governments and other political factors; Betar educated the youth of the Diaspora for the liberation and building of Eretz Israel; and the Irgun Tzvai Leumi (I.Z.L) was the military arm which fought against the enemies of the Zionist enterprise. These bodies cooperated in the organization of Af Al Pi illegal immigration. Within this framework, over 40 ships sailed from European ports bringing to Eretz Israel tens of thousands of illegal immigrants.
Throughout this period of intense political activity, Jabotinsky continued to write poetry, novels, short stories and articles on politics, social and economic problems. From among his literary creations, The Jewish Legion, Prelude to Delilah (Samson) and The Five, served as an inspiration for Jews of the Diaspora.
Jabotinsky was fluent in many languages and translated into Hebrew some of the best known classics of world literature.
The first regular commercial transatlantic airline service in America was begun at Port Washington as huge Pan American Martin and Boeing flying boats departed and arrived regularly at Manhasset Bay.
The children's publishing house created by Samuil Marshak in Leningrad is closed and his best pupils - D.Kharms, A.Vvedensky, N.Olejnikov, N.Zabolotsky are subjected to repression. Stalin cancelled Marshak's execution.
June
8 Howard graduates from MIT with a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering.
November
First of all, I consider it utterly impossible to eject the Arabs from Palestine. There will always be two nations in Palestine – which is good enough for me, provided the Jews become the majority. And secondly, I belong to the group that once drew up the Helsingfors Programme , the programme of national rights for all nationalities living in the same State. In drawing up that programme, we had in mind not only the Jews , but all nations everywhere, and its basis is equality of rights.
I am prepared to take an oath binding ourselves and our descendants that we shall never do anything contrary to the principle of equal rights, and that we shall never try to eject anyone. This seems to me a fairly peaceful credo.
But it is quite another question whether it is always possible to realise a peaceful aim by peaceful means. For the answer to this question does not depend on our attitude to the Arabs; but entirely on the attitude of the Arabs to us and to Zionism.
© 2004 H. David Marshak, All Rights Reserved
